Specifications model number designation model numbers 7 1020 16 2320. Credit for the invention of the steam turbine is given to british engineer sir charles parson, for inventing the. Hydraulic turbines fundamental operating parameters classification impulse turbines pelton turbines reaction turbines radial flow. Gas, steam, and water turbines usually have a casing around the blades that contains and controls the working fluid. The rotor shaft of an electrical power generator, placed in a wind or water current whereby the kinetic energy causes the rotor shaft to rotate, turns a hydraulic pump generating a hydraulic pressure. The shaft rotates because of the impact of the difference in velocity and pressure. Hydraulic structures for flow diversion and storage. Hydraulic turbines transfer the energy from a flowing fluid to a rotating shaft. Lecture notes, suitability, runaway speed and draft tube. Extract energy from the fluid the fluid does work on them.
Hydraulics and hydraulic machinery notes pdf hhm notes pdf 1. In many fluid power applications, energy losses due to flow in valves and fittings exceed those due to flow in pipes. Demonstrate and understanding of advanced fluid mechanics principles. The pressure energy at the inlet and outlet of the turbine is atmospheric. Hydraulic power units yae pack energy saving hydraulic power units and controllers k energy saving hydraulic units equipped with piston pump energy saving units equipped with the high efficiency, high performance ara series variable displacement piston pumps. Hydrowater power plant definition of hydraulic turbines, overall efficiency, specific speed, classification of. Hydraulic turbines are used for meeting our day to day power demands. Which of the following hydraulic turbines are reaction turbine. Govindaraju,tg sitharaman, applied elasticity for engineers, nptel.
The hydraulic power pack unit provides the energy required for the hydraulic system. Fluid statics, fluid dynamics, basics of turbo machinery, hydraulic turbines and centrifugal pumps. A hydraulic turbine is a prime mover which converts a substantial part of the potential and kinetic energy of flowing water to mechanical energy. It consists of hydraulic power unit which delivers the oil at constant pressure. Nptel civil engineering water resources engineering design and construction of concrete gravity dams. Now the water releases in the form of jet from the nozzle and striked on the vanes for a small duration. Elements for the control of energy and other control in fluid power system are generally called valves. The nature of path through the valves and fittings determines the amount of energy losses. Lecture notes on fluid mechanics and hydraulic machines. The hydraulic turbine is a mechanical device that converts.
On the basis of the type of energy at the turbine inlet impulse turbine total head o. Apr 17, 2017 in general, the kinetic energy of this super critical flow can be dissipated into two way. The most important constitutive elements of reaction turbines are the following. The overall pump efficiency is affected by the hydraulic losses in the pump, and in. We are going to spend a handful of videos looking at diffe. The state of rapid and shallow flow through a section is known as supercritical flow or rapid flow.
The turbines type indicates the manner in which the water causes the turbine runner to rotate. Kaplan turbine used for low head, high discharge installations degree of reaction dr is the ratio of static pressure drop pressure energy converted in the rotor to the total pressure drop total hydraulic energy available in the turbine. Fluid statics, kinematics of fluid, conservation equations and analysis of finite control volume, equations of motion and mechanical energy, principles of physical similarity and dimensional analysis, flow of ideal fluids viscous incompressible flows, laminar boundary layers, turbulent flow, applications of viscous flows. Typical range of heads hydraulic wheel turbine archimedes screw turbine kaplan 2 hydraulic systems. Kaplan turbines with adjustable blade pitch are welladapted to wide ranges of flow or head conditions, since their peak efficiency can be achieved over a wide range of flow conditions. The hydraulic losses through the turbine and draft tube are accounted for in the turbine efficiency. Hydraulic and energy grade lines courses web pages. Nov 05, 2010 hydraulic turbines difference between impulse and reaction hydraulic turbines. A water turbine is a rotary machine that converts kinetic energy and potential energy of water into mechanical work water turbines were developed in the 19th century and were widely used for industrial power prior to electrical grids.
The parts of the hydraulic power pack unit are shown in fig. Impulse turbines change the velocity of a water jet. Hgl in a piping system is formed by the locus of points located a distance p. Specific energy curves of different discharges at a given channel section at a smaller depth, y1 q can be delivered only by a higher velocity and, a higher specific energy. To know more about what are hydraulic turbines, what is the working principle of hydraulic turbines and how are they classified, read on through this article series. The energy available at the inlet of the turbine is only kinetic energy. It is largely used in dam and large power plants impulse turbines. Troubleshooting and preventive maintenance of hydraulic. This is a hydraulic turbine and the main uses of these turbines are in the hydropower plant to generate electricity. Crane girder design mar 01, 2018 crane girder design crane girder details proper detailing is the key to good fatigue performance the vast majority of crane girder performance issues occur at the crane girder to column connection. The tanjung jabung gas power plant 3x10 mw is powered by three siemens sgt400 turbines 3 which each of them can operate up to mw 6, 7 each at peak load. A hydraulic turbine rotates at n rpm operating under a net head h and having a discharge q while developing an output power p.
The hydraulic pressure is directed to a hydraulic generator motor coupled to an electrical generator. Turbines consist of a row of blades that are fixed on a rotating shaft or a plate. Fluid power is the transmission of forces and motions using a con. If control components are not properly selected, the entire system will fail to deliver the required output. When the fluid used is water, they are called hydraulic turbines. This category of hydraulic turbines has the flow path of the. Control components in hydraulic system one of the most important functions in any fluid power system is control. Now they are mostly used for electric power generation. Introduction to fluid machines lectures 49 to 53 3 4. Performance and safety of hydraulic turbines h brekke1. Schematic reading is one of the most important skills when working with complex hydraulic systems. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter6 gas turbines. Hydraulic efficiency this is the efficiency with which water power is converted into diagram power and is given by.
Hydraulic circuit for shaper mc fig shows the hydraulic circuit for operation of shaper. Most water turbines in use are reaction turbines and are used in low turbine pressure drop occurs in both fixed and moving blades. Related content a discussion on turbine design for safe operation h brekkemajor historical developments in the design of water wheels and francis hydroturbines. Aug 25, 2016 turbines are machines which convert fluid energy to mechanical energy. Fundamentals of fluid mechanics chapter 12 pumps and. Nptel provides elearning through online web and video courses various streams. Lecture 33 turbine definition, types of turbines, comparison of gas turbine with reciprocating ic engine and steam turbine, classification of gas turbine 34 lecture34 thermodynamic cycle or brayton cycle, problem solving 35 lecture 35 regenerative gas turbine cycle, reheat gas turbine cycle, problem solving. Since the power supplied is hydraulic, and the probable loss is between the striking jet and vane it is rightly called hydraulic efficiency. Download pdf fluid mechanics and hydraulic machines by rk. A hydraulic turbine rotates at n rpm operating under a net head h and having a.
The shaft toque the torque that the shaft applies to the rotor and the rotation of the rotor are in the same direction, energy is transferred from the shaft to the rotor and from the rotor to the fluid. Nptel fluid mechanics and turbines ftik usm playground. Hydraulic turbines an overview sciencedirect topics. Hydraulic turbines pelton wheel, francis turbine and kaplan turbine. Convert the residual kinetic energy into pressure energy. Performance and safety of hydraulic turbines to cite this article. Gear pumps are most commonly used for the hydraulic fluid power applications and are widely used in chemical installa tions to pump fluid with a cer tain viscosity. The power developed by a hydraulic cylinder for either the extension or retraction stroke, can be found out by velocity multiplied by force or from flow rate multiplied by operating pressure power kw vp m s f kn q m3 s p kpa figure 5. Water stored in high level reservoirs like dams has. So the hydraulic energy of the water is mainly converted into kinetic energy.
Since a very high force is exerted on the vanes by the jet of water for a very small time duration, these turbines are known as impulse turbine. Mod01 lec09 introduction to reaction type of hydraulic turbine a. How to read hydraulic power unit schematics youtube. Courses principle of hydraulic machines and system design.
Fluid power is ideal for high speed, high force, high power applications. Fundamentals of fluid mechanics chapter 12 pumps and turbines. At a larger depth the same discharge may be delivered through the. The hydraulic pressure causes the hydraulic motor to turn which spins the generator. Troubleshooting and preventive maintenance of hydraulic systems. Download pdf of nptel material offline reading, offline notes, free download in app, engineering class handwritten notes, exam notes, previous year questions, pdf free download the subject analysis and design of hydraulic structures having gbtu code no. Hydraulics and hydraulic machinery hhm notes pdf sw. Hydraulic turbines and hydroelectric power plants 1. Som,department of mechanical engineering,iit kharagpur. The more circuitous is the path, the greater are the losses. Introduction to fluid machinery turbines, pumps, blowers and. A double acting cylinder is used to reciprocate the ram a pivot actuated d.
A photo of hydraulic turbine propeller history early turbine examples are windmills and waterwheels. Hydraulic turbines are the prime movers that convert the energy of the falling water into a rotational mechanical energy and consequently to an electric energy through the use of the generators that are connected to the turbines. Types of hydraulic turbines fluid machinery mechanical. Download hydraulic turbine seminar reports, abstract, pdf, ppt. Read online design hydraulic structures lecture notes design hydraulic structures. A francis turbine running at 400 rpm develops 1 mw power. Mechanical efficiency this is the efficiency with which the diagram power is converted into shaft power. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter7 hydrowater power. Hydraulic machinery made easy gate handwritten notes. Consider the following statements pertaining to hydraulic turbines. Gross head hg is the difference in elevation between the water levels of the forebay and the tailrace. Hydraulic machinery made easy gate handwritten notes download pdf. Water turbines are mostly found in dams to generate electric power from water potential energy. Hydraulic turbines may be classified on the basis of four characteristics.
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