Laser beam machining lbm, state of the art and new opportunities johan meijer university of twente, enschede, the netherlands abstract an overview is given of the state of the art of laser beam machining in general with special emphasis on applications of short and ultrashort lasers. Nov 05, 2014 laser beam machining used light energy from a laser to remove material by vaporization and ablation energy is concentrated optically laser emits either continuous or pulsed light beam 5 source. As you know that there are various nontraditional machining methods and edm is one of them and the rest are presented below. Introduction to machine design, methodology, strength, rigidity, fracture, wear, and material considerations in design, use of standards, selection of materials and processes. Application of advanced coatings in high performance modern cutting tools and high performance super. Beam, electron beam, ultrasonic, explosive and friction welding. Laser beam machining and drilling lbm, plasma arc machining pam and electron. Review on laser beam machining process parameter optimization. It is used to machine both metallic and nonmetallic material.
Part 2 deals with thermal machining processes for example, electric discharge machining, laser beam machining, electron beam machining. Thus to make a high power laser, a rather long tube is required which is quite inconvenient. Time of machining in the laser beam machining process increases with a decrease in power supply b decrease in laser beam spot diameter c increase in cutting speed d none of the mentioned answer. Nptel video course mechanical engineering advanced finite elements analysis subject coordinator dr. There is a need for machine tools and processes which can accurately and easily machine the most. Lecture notes on modern manufacturing process dr pramod. Mar 31, 2017 it is a nontraditional machining process in which no physical tool is used. Apr 21, 2015 lbm is nontraditional thermal process.
Laser beam is focussed for melting and vaporizing the unwanted material from the parent material. Yunitha ratnadilla tri adhi kusuma 1560tk37951 electron beam machining a. Introduction of laser machining processes aml home. This will generate high heat energy and melts and vaporize metal from work piece. Mar 30, 2017 laser beam machining is a thermal machining process which uses laser beam to produce heat.
In the electron beam machining process, a high velocity focused beam of electrons are used to remove the metal from the workpiece. The machining results of laser cutting depend on both machining process parameters and laser parameters. Laser beam machining lbm is an excellent material processing technique to machine a wide range of advanced materials, especially difficultto machine advanced ceramics and composites. Diesinker edm and wire cut electric discharge machining wedm 21. Laser beam machining a mechanical engineering blog. New technology bhattacharya a the institution of engineers, india 1984. Indian institute of technology guwahati and nptel via swayam. Laser beam machining lbm is a nonconventional machining manufacturing process, a form of machining, in which a laser is directed towards the work piece for machining. Unconventional machining processes bharat institute of. Although the total energy in a laser beam may be small, the concentrated power on small spots or during short intervals can be enormous. The main operating parameters associated with laser assisted machining are. Laser power, spot diameter of the laser beam, cutting speed, feed rate and depth of. Laser can be transmitted over long distances with very small divergence, laser beam spot size can vary from 1 m m to 10 mm.
Laser beam machining lbm lecture 24 equipment and process parameters in lbm. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. The subsystems in ecm, advantages and applications. It is a gas laser built by ali javan at mit, with a wavelength of 632. Ppt laser beam machining lbm powerpoint presentation. In this machining process metal is removed by melting and vaporization of metal particle from surface of work piece. Advanced manufacturing processes online course video. In the electrical beam machining, electrical energy is used to generate the electrons with high energy. It is based on keyhole or penetration mode welding. The power of a co 2 laser is typically around 100 watt per metre of tube length. The electron beam polishing equipment technology is brought forward and its characteristic is explained because general processing method cant obtain preferable machining efficiency and product.
Advanced manufacturing processes video lectures nptel videos. When a highintensity laser beam is incident on the surface of the material, the metal surface will be reflected by 60 to 98% of the laser energy and the. The main attraction of edm over traditional machining processes such as metal cutting. Jan 11, 2017 laser beam machining and drilling lbm, plasma arc machining pam and electron beam machining ebm. It also includes micronanofinishing processes viz, abrasive flow finishing, magnetic abrasive finishing, etc. Electron beam ebm and laser beam machining lbm are newer. Notches in the part are always cut before the outer contour. A laser beam machining is a nonconventional machining method in which the operation is performed by laser light. The process used thermal energy to remove material from a metallic surface. Time of machining in the laser beam machining process is directly proportional to laser beam spot diameter.
The main attraction of edm over traditional machining processes such as metal. Laser beam welding 17 nov 2014 nptel mechanical engineering. In order to meet these challenges, a number of newer material removal processes have now been developed to the level of commercial utilization. Ppt laser beam machining powerpoint presentation free. The highly energized photos are focused on a material cause heating, melting and vaporizes the material which is effectively used to remove unwanted portion of a material. The process is frequently used in high volume applications using automation, as in the automotive industry. The beam provides a concentrated heat source, allowing for narrow, deep welds and high welding rates. His research areas include advanced finishing and nanofinishing processes, magnetorheological finishing mrf process, advancednontraditional machining processes, micromachining processes. Laser energy can be focused in space and concentrated in time so that it heats, burns away, or vaporizes many materials. Ppt laser beam machining powerpoint presentation free to. Mechanical engineering n p t e l national programme on. Principles, equipment, operations, applications, advantages and limitation of ebm.
The theoretical basis for the development of laser was provided by albert einstein in 1917. Electron beam, plasma beam and ion beam machining video. Electro chemical discharge machining ecdm laser beam machining lbm. It is best suited for brittle material with low conductivity and ceramic, cloth, and wood. Advanced manufacturing processes online course video lectures. Electron beam machining ebm learn mechanical engineering. Part 2 deals with thermal machining processes for example, electric discharge machining, laser beam machining, electron beam machining, etc. Laser machining process an overview sciencedirect topics. Laser beam machining is a thermal energybased advanced machining process in which material is removed by focusing the laser beam on the work surface at a constant distance to melt and vaporize the unwanted work material. Hello and welcome to this manufacturing process technology part 2. Highly focused beams can act locally with high intensity, which are used for precision material removal, defocused laser beams are used for surface treating, laser forming, etc. Introduction electron beam machining is one of the examples of nonconventional machining under the thermal process category, along with laser beam machining, electric discharge machining, and.
Laser machining is used for making very small holes, welding of nonconductive and refractory material. Ultrasonic machining, water jet machining, abrasive water jet machining. Hello everyone welcome to engineers academy topics covered. In laser through cutting, a kerf is created through relative motion between the laser beam and the workpiece surface while profiling 26. Laser beam machining lbm is one amongst the foremost widely used thermal energy based noncontact kind advance machining method which may be applied for nearly whole vary of materials.
Advanced welding processes details of electron beam welding ebw laser beam welding. Among thermal removal methods, electrical discharge machining or edm is the oldest and most widely used. Laser beam machining lbm, state of the art and new. There is a need for machine tools and processes which can accurately and easily machine the most difficultto machine materials and work pieces with intricate and accurate shapes. Manufacturing engineering and technology fifth edition serope kalpakjian and.
Laser beam can very easily be focused using optical lenses as their wavelength ranges from half micron to around 70 microns. Melting, burning, evaporating, blowing and still the human eye only sees a cutting head moving over the sheet metal 2 in cutting, the laser beam processes the sheet, contour for contour. Part 1 deals with mechanical type advanced machining processes such as. May 31, 2018 laser beam machining lbm is one amongst the foremost widely used thermal energy based noncontact kind advance machining method which may be applied for nearly whole vary of materials. Manufacturing engineering and technology fifth edition serope.
Many engineering materials are having much superior. Laser machining also used in surgery, microdrilling operation. Laser welded parts for a tv electron gun philips cft. Unit i laser engineering physics introduction laser stands for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. Investigation and analysis of laser beam machining 89 figure 2. In thermal removing processes, thermal energy, provided by a heat source, melts or vaporizes the volume of the material to be removed. A schematic of laser beam machining is shown in figure 12. Pdf electron beam machining yunitha ratnadilla academia. May 01, 2008 laser beam machining lbm is one of the most widely used thermal energy based noncontact type advance machining process which can be applied for almost whole range of materials. Advanced casting processes metal mould casting continuous casting squeeze casting vacuum mould casting evaporative pattern casting ceramic shell casting 6 3. Emergence of advanced engineering materials, stringent design requirements, intricate shape and unusual size of workpiece restrict the use of conventional machining methods. Module iii 11 hours introduction to surface engineering, high speed machining and grinding. Sharma, department of mechanical engineering, iit roorkee. In such applications, the required accuracy for laser welding is builtin in the machine.
Jain advanced machining processes allied publishers pvt. Laser pulse waveforms are an important issue in laser welding, especially for sheet welding. The main advantages of laser beam machining are ease of automation for complex cutting patterns, absence of tool wear and. Laser beam machining lbm is one of the most widely used thermal energy based noncontact type advance machining process which can be applied for almost whole range of materials. Electro discharge machining edm electron beam machining ebm laser beam machining lbm processes 2. When a highintensity laser beam is incident on the surface of the material, the metal surface will be reflected by 60 to 98% of the laser energy and the reflectivity will vary with the surface temperature. Lecture notes on college of engineering and technology.
Laser cutting machine market by manufacturers, regions, type and application, forecast to 2021 laser cutting machine is a machine which uses laser beam to cut materials such as acrylic, plastic, wood, fabric, and many other nonmetallic materials. Electron beam machining is same as laser beam machining process in which except laser, high speed electron beam impinges on work piece. Oct 22, 2008 lecture series on manufacturing processes ii by prof. Principles equipment types beam control techniques applications. Laser beam machining an overview sciencedirect topics. Non conventional manufacturing muzaffarpur institute of. Laser beam machining used light energy from a laser to remove material by vaporization and ablation energy is concentrated optically laser emits either continuous or pulsed light beam 5 source. It is a nonconventional machining process in which no tool is used. In this video we have explained working of laser beam machining process, we have seen the wor. Although the total energy in a laser beam may be small, the concentrated power on small spots or during short intervals can be. The physical process of material removal and energy. Laser beam machining lbm is one of the advanced noncontact machining processes that employ monochromatic light with high frequency for machining using thermal energy.
The laser light has maximum temperature strikes on the workpiece, due to high temp the workpiece gets melts. Lecture 29 electron beam, plasma beam and ion beam machining nptel video lecture topic list created by linuxpert systems, chennaiget digimat digital media access terminal for highspeed video streaming of nptel and educational video courses in lan. Laser beam welding lbw is a welding technique used to join pieces of metal or thermoplastics through the use of a laser. Non traditional manufacturing processes an overview. Unconventional machining process sasurie college of engineering.
Laserbeam machining is a thermal materialremoval process that utilizes a high energy. Introduction electron beam machining is one of the examples of nonconventional machining under the thermal process category, along with laser beam machining, electric discharge machining, and plasma cutting. This process uses thermal energy to remove material from metallic or nonmetallic surfaces. In laser welding the trend is to apply optical sensors for. Paul,department of mechanical engineering, iit kharagpur. For optimal use of floor space, highpowered co 2 lasers are made of folded design. These methods form a group of processes which removes excess material by various. Pdf a laser beam machining lbm database for the cutting.
The laser cutting machines initially casts laser beam on the surface of work piece, melts it and finally evaporates the particular area of work. Electrochemical grinding, electrostream drilling, shaped tube electrolytic machining. Electron beam machining is a thermal process used for metal removal during the machining process. Lbm can be used to process these materials with intricate shapes and sizes with greater precision even difficult to reach surfaces. In 1960, the first laser device was developed by t.
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